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Correlation matrix calculator and heatmap

Paste equal-length series. The calculator reports every r coefficient and the strongest linear relationship.

Number of observations: —

Fill in the fields above — the result is computed on this page.

Observations
—
Variables
—
Strongest correlation |r|
—

Correlation heatmap

Colour and value show the direction and strength of linear association from −1 to 1.

Correlation coefficients

Variable A Variable B Pearson r |r|
Fill in the fields above — the result is computed on this page.
What do these numbers mean?
  • The sign of r gives direction and |r| gives linear strength.
  • Correlation does not establish causation.
  • A strong nonlinear relationship may have r near zero.

Series must have equal length and variation. The tool does not impute missing values or calculate rank correlation.

How do I use this page?
  1. Paste two or three series in matching observation order.
  2. Calculate and find the largest off-diagonal |r|.
  3. Inspect that pair on a scatter plot too.

What this page does not do: Series must have equal length and variation. The tool does not impute missing values or calculate rank correlation.

Further reading

Theory — what is a correlation matrix and heatmap?

A correlation matrix reports the Pearson correlation coefficient r for every pair of equal-length numeric series you paste in. Correlation compares how two series vary together after scaling by their standard deviations. A value close to 1 indicates a strong increasing relationship, close to −1 a strong decreasing one, and close to 0 no clear linear relationship. The heatmap visualizes every coefficient at once, though an r of zero does not rule out a nonlinear relationship.

Frequently asked questions

Does r = 0 mean no relationship?
It means no detected linear relationship. A nonlinear relationship may still exist.
Can I use different sample sizes?
No. Each row must describe the same observation across all series.

See also

← All calculators

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