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Statistical power calculator

Plan two equally sized independent groups using a normal approximation.

Power, sample size or effect: —

Fill in the fields above — the result is computed on this page.

Power
—
n per group
—
Effect d
—
z for alpha
—

What do these numbers mean?
  • Base the assumed effect on practical relevance or prior data.
  • Round sample size up and allow for attrition.

This is a planning approximation. The exact design may require adjustments for the test, sampling scheme and missing data.

How do I use this page?
  1. Choose the unknown quantity.
  2. Enter effect, alpha and power or n.
  3. Record the assumptions with the result.

What this page does not do: This is a planning approximation. The exact design may require adjustments for the test, sampling scheme and missing data.

Further reading

Theory — what is a statistical power calculator?

A statistical power calculator helps plan a study with two equally sized, independent groups using a normal approximation. Power is the probability of rejecting the baseline hypothesis when the assumed effect truly exists in the population. Increasing sample size, with other factors held constant, raises test power, but it cannot fix a flawed study design or biased measurement. The tool helps estimate the required sample size before collecting data.

Frequently asked questions

Does a larger sample always increase power?
With other assumptions fixed, yes, but it does not fix bias or a poor design.

See also

← All calculators

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