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Exact binomial test calculator

Test a success probability without using the normal approximation.

Exact p-value: —

Fill in the fields above — the result is computed on this page.

Successes x
—
Trials n
—
Estimate p̂
—
p₀
—
P(X=x | p₀)
—
P(X≤x)
—
P(X≥x)
—
Standard error under H₀
—

What do these numbers mean?
  • A small p-value means the observed or more extreme results are rare under H₀.
  • Choose the test direction before looking at the data.

Trials must be independent with constant success probability. The test does not measure practical effect size and does not replace a confidence interval.

How do I use this page?
  1. Enter successes and trials.
  2. Provide p₀ and the pre-specified test direction.
  3. Read the p-value together with p̂ and both tails.

What this page does not do: Trials must be independent with constant success probability. The test does not measure practical effect size and does not replace a confidence interval.

Further reading

Theory — what is the exact binomial test?

The exact binomial test compares an observed number of successes with a binomial distribution built from an assumed success probability. The one sided version sums the relevant tail of that distribution, while the two sided version adds up every outcome that under the baseline hypothesis is at least as unlikely as the observed one. Because the binomial distribution is discrete, the two sided p value does not need to equal exactly twice the one sided value.

Frequently asked questions

Why is the two-sided p-value not always twice the one-sided value?
The binomial distribution is discrete, so the exact test sums outcomes by their probabilities and is not always symmetric.
Can x be 0 or n?
Yes. The exact distribution includes both boundary outcomes.

See also

← All calculators

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