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Confidence interval for proportion calculator

Choose a method and calculate bounds for x successes in a sample of size n.

Interval half-width: —

Fill in the fields above — the result is computed on this page.

Sample proportion p̂
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Lower bound
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Upper bound
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Interval center
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Full width
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Critical z value
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What do these numbers mean?
  • Use Wilson as a practical general default.
  • Use Clopper-Pearson when an exact binomial procedure is required.

All methods assume independent observations with the same success probability.

How do I use this page?
  1. Enter x and n.
  2. Choose a confidence level and method.
  3. Read the bounds and width.

What this page does not do: All methods assume independent observations with the same success probability.

Further reading

Theory — what is a confidence interval for a proportion?

A confidence interval for a proportion is a range of values expected to contain the true population proportion, estimated from x successes in a sample of size n. The calculator computes bounds using three methods: Wilson, Clopper-Pearson and Wald. The Wilson method usually gives good coverage and stays within 0–1, Clopper-Pearson inverts the exact binomial test and tends to be wider, while Wald is simple but can perform poorly for small n or proportions near the boundaries. The method you choose changes the interval width.

Frequently asked questions

Which method should I choose?
Wilson is a good general default. Use the exact method when required by the study procedure.
Why can Wald leave the 0–1 range?
It is a linear approximation. The calculator clips displayed bounds to the proportion range, but this does not repair poor coverage.

See also

← All calculators

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