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Statistical assumptions checker

Paste one numeric sample to inspect normality, shape and possible outliers in one report.

Approximate normality p-value: —

Fill in the fields above — the result is computed on this page.

Observations
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Shapiro–Francia W′
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Approximate p
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Anderson–Darling A²*
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Anderson–Darling p
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QQ correlation
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IQR outliers
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Skewness
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Excess kurtosis
—

Normal QQ plot

Points close to the reference line are consistent with a normal shape.

Diagnostic tests

Test Statistic p-value
Fill in the fields above — the result is computed on this page.
What do these numbers mean?
  • Interpret tests together with the QQ plot.
  • A small p-value flags evidence against normality.
  • Outliers should be investigated rather than removed automatically.

The Shapiro result is a documented Shapiro–Francia large-sample approximation. Results can be unstable for very small samples and overly sensitive for large samples.

How do I use this page?
  1. Paste the observations.
  2. Inspect the QQ plot and outliers.
  3. Use the test selector if assumptions are doubtful.

What this page does not do: The Shapiro result is a documented Shapiro–Francia large-sample approximation. Results can be unstable for very small samples and overly sensitive for large samples.

Further reading

Theory — what does a statistical assumptions checker verify?

The statistical assumptions checker inspects normality, distribution shape and possible outliers in a single report, based on one pasted numeric sample. The report combines a normal-scores approximation, the Anderson–Darling test, a quantile-quantile plot, skewness, kurtosis and the interquartile-range rule. This check supports choosing an appropriate statistical model, but it does not replace looking at the data or evaluating how the study was designed. A p-value above 0.05 does not prove normality — it only means there is no strong evidence against that assumption in this sample.

Frequently asked questions

Does p > 0.05 prove normality?
No. It means the sample did not provide strong evidence against the model.
Should every outlier be removed?
No. Verify measurement and context first.

See also

← All calculators

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