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Geometric mean calculator

The n-th root of the product of all numbers. Used everywhere values multiply rather than add.

Separate values with a semicolon, space, or comma followed by a space. Decimals may use a point or comma. All values must be greater than zero.

Geometric mean: —

Fill in the fields above — the result is computed on this page.

What do these numbers mean?
  • The result is an average multiplier. Subtract 1 and multiply by 100% to get the average percentage change.

These are historical data. Each draw is independent of previous draws, so these numbers do not tell us what will be drawn next.

How do I use this page?
  1. Fill in the fields in the form above — the result recomputes at once, with no page reload.
  2. Under the result you will find the interpretation scale, if the calculator has one: it says which range your value fell into.
  3. The formula we use is shown lower on this page — you can check the arithmetic yourself.
  4. To compute the same for another game or variant, change it in the select field — prices and pools update automatically.

Further reading

Theory — what is the geometric mean?

The geometric mean of positive numbers is the n-th root of their product. For the numbers 4 and 9 it equals the square root of 36, which is 6, while the arithmetic mean of the same numbers is 6.5. The method applies wherever values multiply rather than add, for example with successive percentage changes — changes of +5%, +12%, −3% and +8% are entered as multipliers 1.05, 1.12, 0.97 and 1.08. The calculator multiplies these factors together and extracts the corresponding root.

Frequently asked questions

What is the geometric mean of the numbers 4 and 9?
Exactly 6. The product is 36, and the square root of 36 is 6. The arithmetic mean of the same numbers is 6.5.
When should I use the geometric mean instead of the arithmetic mean?
Whenever values multiply: rates of return, growth rates, index indicators. For added quantities, like ratings or temperature readings, the arithmetic mean is the right one.
Why can't I enter zero or a negative number?
Zero zeroes out the entire product, and a negative number means a root of even degree has no real solution. Write a 3 percent decline as the multiplier 0.97.
How do I calculate the average annual return over four years?
Convert each year into a multiplier, for example a 5% gain becomes 1.05. The calculator gives a result from which you subtract 1 and multiply by 100 — for the multipliers 1.05, 1.12, 0.97, 1.08 that comes out to about 5.3539% per year.

See also

← All calculators

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