Sum of squares calculator
Calculate raw and centered sums of squares. Paste numbers, compare both results and see the calculation steps.
How to use this page
- Load an example or enter your own data.
- Choose the calculation type and units where available.
- Read the result, additional measures and substituted formula.
What this page does not do: Use 1–10,000 numbers, each between −1 billion and 1 billion. The sums have squared data units. These are descriptive measures, not predictions.
Further reading
Formula
Σx²; SS = Σ(x − x̄)² For 2; 4; 6, the raw sum of squares is 4 + 16 + 36 = 56. The mean is 4. The centered sum is (2−4)² + (4−4)² + (6−4)² = 8. These are different measures.
The centered sum is used for variance: divide by n for the described population, or by n−1 to estimate variance from a sample. Do not confuse Σx² with the square of the sum (Σx)².
Frequently asked questions
How can I check the example?
Data 2; 4; 6: Σx² = 56, mean = 4, Σ(x−4)² = 8.
What should I check before interpreting the result?
Use 1–10,000 numbers, each between −1 billion and 1 billion. The sums have squared data units. These are descriptive measures, not predictions.
See also
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