Sum of squares calculator
Calculate raw and centered sums of squares. Paste numbers, compare both results and see the calculation steps.
How do I use this page?
- Load an example or enter your own data.
- Choose the calculation type and units where available.
- Read the result, additional measures and substituted formula.
What this page does not do: Use 1–10,000 numbers, each between −1 billion and 1 billion. The sums have squared data units. These are descriptive measures, not predictions.
Further reading
Formula
Σx²; SS = Σ(x − x̄)² Theory — what is the sum of squares?
The sum of squares is obtained by squaring each value and adding the results — for 2, 4 and 6 it equals 4+16+36=56. A different measure is the sum of squared deviations from the mean: the mean here is 4, so the sum of squared deviations equals (2−4)²+(4−4)²+(6−4)²=8. The calculator computes both values at once and shows the steps after the data is pasted in. Squared deviations are used, among other things, to calculate variance.
Frequently asked questions
How can I check the example?
What should I check before interpreting the result?
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